Feral Children- Danielle Crockett Essay

Feral children are individuals who have lived isolated from human contact at a very young age, and has lived without human care, love, or social behavior. Danielle Crockett was a feral child rescued from from her abusive Florida home on July 13, 2005 by Plant City police officers responding to a child abuse report. Danielle was 7 when she was found and weighed a shocking 46 pounds. The first report of a young girl living in the rundown rental home was from a neighbor seeing the thin face of Danielle appear briefly in her bedroom window. At the time of her rescue she was under the care of her mother Michelle Crockett and Michelle’s two grown up sons. Feral children, including Danielle Crockett, are not treated with love or affection at a very young age, depriving them of essential development years. The circumstances of Danielle Crocket’s upbringing were highly unusual, isolated, abusive, and tragic. Danielle was confined to her small bedroom, which was not in any way su itable for a child. The walls and floor of the room were smeared with her feces, including animal feces as well. Danielle was not clothed, was surrounded by used diapers, and was left alone in her room day and night. She was malnourished, incapable of speech, and unable to walk. Although Danielle was born a perfectly healthy baby, she developed what was classified as environmental autism from no one ever caring for her beyond the extremely basic needs to maintain survival. It was determined that Danielle was rarely spoken to or interacted with, and was left alone in her room with nothing to occupy her. After her rescue and rehabilitation in a hospital, Danielle was still incapable of speech and basic skills but was put through foster care. After two years of moving from homes Bernie and Diane Lierow adopted Danielle in 2007. Today, now known as Dani, she is living with her new loving parents and older brother as she learns the basic skills that she was never taught as a child. Danie lle is enrolled in speech, physical, and occupational therapy, as well as horse back riding to compensate for her lost years. She now knows a vocabulary of some basic words, responds to her name, can chew her own food, swim, show affection, and has progressed in ways no one dreamed possible when she was first found. Danielle’s initial upbringing was unnaturally cruel, unfair, and abusive, however her family today has helped her grow and is essential to her development and happiness. Unfortunately Danielle Crockett is not the only reported feral child case, and there are many reported and unknown circumstances as well. Genie the wild child is an example of a child isolated and abused at a young age. Similar to Danielle, Genie was confined to a room and neglected as a young girl, however unlike Danielle, Genie was strapped down to a potty chair for 10 years. Both girls were malnourished, neglected, and not shown any kindness for an extensive period of time. In contrast to the undetermined theory of physical abuse towards Danielle, Genie was beaten by her father whenever she made noise or uttered the few words she knew such as â€Å"no† â€Å"stop it† and â€Å"no more†. The difference between the cases of the two girls is somewhat apparent in the intent of their caregiv ers. Danielle’s mother Michelle insisted that she did â€Å"the very best she could† and felt a sense of loss when her daughter was taken from her. However, Genie’s father decided that his daughter was â€Å"retarded† and that she needed to be held captive, beaten, yelled at, and not shown affection. Similarly feral children, including Genie and Danielle, receive the punishment of neglect that they do not deserve and grow up deprived of basic social skills. Society can go about the difficult task of socializing the victims of abnormal socialization in isolated children in many ways. First and foremost, it is important to show the recovering children love, patience, and kindness in a healthy, happy, and calming environment to help them move on from the traumas they may have experienced as a feral child. It is common for isolated children to lack social, speech, and physical skills, therefore there being an importance on teaching them these basic skills as they grow and develop. Feral children are commonly as advanced as young children when found and benefit from treatments such as speech therapy. The process of recovering isolated children are lengthy and at times extremely difficult, but it is important to show them love and kindness in order for them to have a chance at being comfortable and happy. Danielle Crockett lived an unfair and cruel childhood. She did not deserve the neglect she received, and her mother did a terrible job of looking after her. Danielle was a perfectly healthy baby who could’ve turned out to be a fully functioning teenager today if it wasn’t for the abusive circumstance of her upbringing. However, the chances of Danielle being adopted by the loving parents that she now has were highly unlikely, and thanks to them she has progressed amazingly and has been very lucky to be found by them. Without proper socialization in the early years of life children grow up to be unable to trust, speak, and communicate with the world. It has been proven that in the first 5 years of life 85% of the brain is developed, making it the most crucial developmental period for children. Danielle, being 7 when she was found, missed out on her 5 crucial years of development and will never be as capable and developed as she could’ve been if she had experienced normal socialization at any earlier time in her life. The story of Danielle is an unfortunate and heart breaking case of a negligent parent who should’ve never had the opportunity to be near a beautiful and healthy baby.

Spatial Comparisons of Organotin Contamination in Common Seafood Species Collected in Hong Kong Waters

Spatial Comparisons of Organotin Contamination in Common Seafood Species Collected in Hong Kong Waters Content 1 ) Working title†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦P.3 2 ) Background of study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦..P.3 3 ) Mechanism of biosorption†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..P.4 4 ) Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..P.6 5 ) Hypothesis for the project†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.P.7 6 ) Overall undertaking aim†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..P.8 7 ) Specific objectives†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦P.8 8 ) Problems to be overcome†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..P.8 9 ) Hazard assessment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.P.9 9.1 Laboratory†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.P.9 9.2 Field visit†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.P.9 10 ) Schedule†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.P.10 11 ) References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..P.11Working rubric:Spatial comparings of organotin taint in common seafood species collected in Hong Kong WaterssBackground of surveyOrganotin compounds are used for a assortment of applications, including antifouling pigments for ship hulls, wood preservatives, and UV stabilizers in plastics. Organotin compounds are considered to be one of the hormone disruptors since legion Marine beings exposed to tribyltyltin ( TBT ) or triphentyltin ( TPT ) exhibit sexual abnormalcies ( Yamabe et al. , 2000 ) . Organotin compounds are hydrophobic due to the presence of hydrocarbon substituents and therefore their solubility in H2O is comparatively little ( Yi et al. , 2012 ) . Wide distribution, high hydrophobicity, a nd continuity of organotin compounds have raised concern about their bioaccumulation, their possible biomagnification in the nutrient webs, and their inauspicious effects to the human wellness and environment ( Galloway, 2006 ; Nakanishi,2007 ; Takahashi et al. , 1999 ; Veltman et al. , 2006 ) . In consciousness of the unsought impacts of TBT, attempts have been undertaken in order to happen a planetary solution to this job and legal demands have been enforced to protect the aquatic environment. The International Maritime Organization ( IMO ) called for a planetary pact that bans the application of TBT-based pigments get downing 1 January 2003, and entire prohibition by 1 January 2008 ( CD,2002 ; IMO,2001 ) Several carnal experiments have suggested that the spectrum of possible inauspicious chronic systemic effects of organotins in worlds is rather wide and includes primary immunosuppressive, endocrinopathic, neurotoxic metabolic, and enzymatic activity, every bit good as possible eyepiece, cuticular, cardiovascular, upper respiratory, pneumonic, GI, blood dyscrasias, reproductive/teratogenic/developmental, liver, kidney, bioaccumulative, and perchance carcinogenic activity ( EU-SCOOP, 2006, Nakanishi, 2007 ; WHO-IPCS, 1999 ) . Hong Kong is a international port and the largest container lthroughout in the universe ( Marine Department of Hong Kong SAR, 2005 ) . Besides vessel activity in Hong Kong is continuously increasing within the see boundary ( 1600 kilometer2) . Most of sea traffic are intense around Victoria Harbour. It is between Hong Kong Island and Kowloon Peninsula. These activities/facilities are major beginnings to let go of organotins compounds to local Marine environment. Besides, vessel-based pollutants can come from other country. For illustration, Yan Tian Port ( Shen Zhen ) . It is located near to Hong Kong boundary ( & lt ; 5km ) and started operation from 1996. With rapid development on sea traffic, organotins is an of import contamination in Hong Kong Waterss ( Leung et al. , 2006 ) 5 ) Hypothesis for the undertaking: -Ship activity is the chief beginning of organotins compunds. -Organotins can be accumulated through nutrient concatenationOverall undertaking purpose:– Analyse more than 6 compounds ( including TPT ) . – Comparison taint degree in different territories in Hong Kong. – Comparison taint degree in different species of common seafood. – Investigate the jobs caused by organotin taint. – Determine the beginnings of organotin. – And, seek to happen out the solution the prevent farther taint.Agenda:October ( hebdomad 10-14 )Week 8-13: Preparation of sampleNovember ( hebdomad 14-18 )Week 14-18: sample aggregation and categorizationDecember ( hebdomad 19-23 )Week 19-23: Sample analysisJanuary ( hebdomad 24-27 )Week 24-27: Writing for the DissertationFebruary ( hebdomad 28-31 )Week 28: Preparation for presentation Week 28: OralPresentation Week 29-35: Alteration of Dissertation Week35: Acme Draft of thesis to Prof.Kenneth LeungMarch ( hebdomad 36-44 )Week 36-44: Revision of thesis Week44: Acme Final version of thesisMentions:Cadmium Commission Directive 2002/62/EC of 9 July 2002. O J Eur Commun 2002 ; L183:58–9. EU-SCOOP. Revised appraisal of the hazards to wellness and the environment associated with the usage of the four organotin compounds TBT, DBT, DOT and TPT. Directorate General Health and Consumer Protection ; 2006. hypertext transfer protocol: //ec.europa.eu/health/ph_risk_committees/04_scher/docs/scher_o_047.pdf Accessed: 03/10/2014. Galloway, T. S. ( 2006 ) . Biomarkers in environmental and human wellness hazard appraisal.Marine pollution bulletin,53( 10 ) , 606-613. IMO. International Marine Organisation. International convention on the control of harmful antifouling systems on ships ; 2001. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.imo.org/Conventions/mainframe.asp? topic_id=529 Accessed: 01/10/2014. Leung, K. M. , Kwong, R. P. , Ng, W. C. , Horiguchi, T. , Qiu, J. W. , Yang, R. , †¦ & A ; Lam, P. K. ( 2006 ) . Ecological hazard appraisals of hormone interrupting organotin compounds utilizing marine neogastropods in Hong Kong.Chemosphere,65( 6 ) , 922-938. Marine Department of Hong Kong SAR, 2005. Port of Hong Kong in Figures. 2005 Edition. Nakanishi, T. ( 2007 ) . Potential toxicity of organotin compounds via atomic receptor signaling in mammals.Journal of wellness scientific discipline,53( 1 ) , 1-9. Takahashi, S. , Mukai, H. , Tanabe, S. , Sakayama, K. , Miyazaki, T. , & A ; Masuno, H. ( 1999 ) . Butyltin residues in livers of worlds and wild tellurian mammals and in fictile merchandises.Environmental Pollution,106( 2 ) , 213-218. Veltman, K. , Huijbregts, M. A. , Van den Heuvel-Greve, M. J. , Vethaak, A. D. , & A ; Hendriks, A. J. ( 2006 ) . Organotin accretion in an estuarial nutrient concatenation: Comparing field measurings with theoretical account appraisals.Marine environmental research, 61( 5 ),511-530. WHO-IPCS. World Health Organisation. International Programme on ChemicalSafety. Tributyl compounds. Environmental wellness standards 116 ; 1999. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc116.htm Accessed: 03/10/2014. Yamabe, Y. , Hoshino, A. , Imura, N. , Suzuki, T. , & A ; Himeno, S. ( 2000 ) . Enhancement of androgen-dependent written text and cell proliferation by tributyltin and triphenyltin in human prostate malignant neoplastic disease cells.Toxicology and applied pharmacological medicine,169( 2 ) , 177-184. Yi, A. X. , Leung, K. M. , Lam, M. H. , Lee, J. S. , & A ; Giesy, J. P. ( 2012 ) . Review of mensural concentrations of triphenyltin compounds in marine ecosystems and meta-analysis of their hazards to worlds and the environment.Chemosphere,89( 9 ) , 1015-1025. 1

Learning Disability? There Are Many Resources for You

All people learn differently. But while all students have naturally variable approaches to learning (read more about different learning styles here ), others have difficulties with specific skills that generally come more easily to their peers. A learning disability is a neurologically-based processing disorder that makes it difficult for people to learn basic skills such as reading, writing, and math, or higher level skills such as organization, time planning, abstract reasoning, long or short term memory and attention. Some people have a learning disability in a specific area, in which case the individual’s performance would be significantly lower in that subject compared with every other area. Do you suspect you have a learning disability? If you, your parents, or your teachers think that might be the case, it’s important to have a psychologist or other certified tester diagnose it through formal testing. Once you have a diagnosis, there are many resources to help you succeed.   Also remember that having a learning disability doesn’t mean you’re not smart or won’t have a bright future. On the contrary, many successful people have learning disabilities, such as Steven Spielberg, Keira Knightley, Anderson Cooper, and Tommy Hilfiger, who all have dyslexia. They didn’t let it hold them back, and there’s no reason why you need to, either! Read on for more for more information about resources for students with learning disabilities. There are different types of learning disabilities. Here are a few of the more common ones. Our Early Advising Program helps students in 9th and 10th grade discover their passions and build strong academic and extracurricular profiles to succeed in high school. Some disorders, such as ADHD (Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) and Dyspraxia, are not technically learning disorders, although they can still affect and impact students’ learning abilities. Many of the accommodations we describe below may also apply to students with these disorders. If you have a learning disability and are concerned with how it’s impacting your schoolwork and other areas of learning, your first step is to get it diagnosed and make sure your high school has all the necessary documentation. Ask your parents to set up a meeting with your guidance counselor or other school administrators to discuss the situation and describe what accommodations you will need, if you know. You will probably need a letter or confirmation from your psychologist or whomever gave you the diagnosis explaining your disability and how it affects your ability to complete you schoolwork. There are other types of support available to you. For instance, the SAT , ACT , and AP exams offer special accommodations for people with different types of learning disabilities, such as extra time. To learn more about how they can support you, check out our post, 2017 Welcomes New Testing Policies for Accommodations on the SAT . Additionally, many schools will give you extra time, assign you to a school therapist, allow you to type your assessments if need be, and make other accommodations depending on your needs. If you have a learning disability, remember that you’re not alone. Millions of other students have one too. Because there are so many people with learning differences, there are numerous organizations and associations that are dedicated to supporting these individuals and their parents. There are several unique resources for students with specific learning disabilities. You’ll likely find that your high school and the other people with whom you learn and interact are more than willing to help and support you. Still, you should make an effort to seek out services that can assist you. If you’d like a tutor to help you with your schoolwork or standardized test preparation, make sure you look for one who is specifically trained to work with students with your learning disability. You can often find tutors with this type of training through local learning centers, colleges, or your high school. Document your learning disability on your college applications. For tips on how to address it, check out How to Address a Mental Health Issue or Disability on Your College Application . When touring, visiting, or speaking with representatives at prospective colleges, ask if they have resources and accommodations for your learning disability. Many schools have dedicated learning centers that can assist you. In addition, check out the Mentorship Program . Our mentors drive significant personal and professional development for their high school mentees, and can provide insight on unique circumstances like navigating high school with a learning disability.   Combining mentorship with engaging content, insider strategies, and personalized analyses, our program provides students with the tools to succeed. As students learn from successful older peers, they develop confidence, autonomy, and critical thinking skills to help maximize their chances of success in college, business, and life.

Customer attitude towards change in brands' ownership in the Literature review

Customer attitude towards change in brands' ownership in the automotive industry and how it affects car purchase intentions - Literature review Example The paper tells that with the continued elevation of completion within the current global marketplace because of globalization, introduction of new products has turned out to be a highly risky venture. One factor facilitating such high levels of risk is the implausible high cost of creating brands for product (new products), which can exceed 100 million dollars in some cases. Thus, firms are resulting into line extensions, brand extensions, as well as other new strategies of products, which allow their leveraging of the existing trademark equity with their relatively new products as a measure of minimizing the brand associated risks. Due to the increasing alarming studies about the possible harmful impacts of these, family brands’ extensions, the marketers’ attention has been captured by some recent new approaches. One such approach is the alliances of brands, which this paper seeks to examine in the automobile industry. In the present competitive world, brand alliances are often chosen as strategic options, which assume a diversity of forms ranging from simple advertising to ingredient branding. Some prominent illustrations of such collaborations of brands are evident across the daily life of consumers and spans diverse industries such as high technology, airlines, automobile industry, services, fast moving consumer products, as well as the fashion industry. In marketing, an attitude is a general assessment of products or services created over time. Attitude satisfies personal motives as well as affects buying and shopping habits of the consumers. Consumer attitudes compose of the consumers’ beliefs, behavioral intentions, and feelings about a product or service. This is within the marketing context, usually a retail or brand store. Beliefs, behavioral intentions, and feelings about a product are considered together as they are interdependent. They also represent the forces influencing the way in which consumers react towards an object. Th e consumer attitudes are an advantage as well as an obstacle to a marketer. Selecting to ignore or discount attitudes of the consumers concerning car brands in the development of marketing strategies guarantees less successful of the whole campaign. The perceptive marketers control their attitudes’ understanding in order to predict the consumers’ behavior. Such well-informed marketers understand the exact ways of distinguishing the variations between attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors while controlling all the three in development of effective marketing strategies. Most of the brand alliances or M&A occur between firms from the same nation and across international borders as well as between transnational brands as shall be seen in the automotive industry, which has witnessed a number of mergers and acquisitions. Such transnational alliances of brands allows business entities the permit of marketing as well as learning beyond their domestic scale markets, while maintaini ng high levels of domestic responsiveness. Both parties involved in brand alliance accrue benefits via increasing the rate of success for the product offering in the local markets while strengthening their local brands. This is realized via foreign investment and technology transfer between the alliance partners. However, the successfulness of such brand alliances must consider the attitudes of the customers in the target markets as these determine their effectiveness. The purpose of this paper is to examine the alliances in the automotive industry. The emphasis is on examining the attitudes of the customers towards the increasing M&A in this industry as well as its impacts on their intentions of purchasing cars. The objective is determination of the relationship existing between the behavior and attitudes of the

English 101 the family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

English 101 the family - Essay Example According to Malinowski, the family had fulfilled the universal need and so it is a universal institution. Malinowski was definite then with his view that every family has to have a father (Collier et al 1997). He stated that: "The human infant needs parental protection for a much longer period than does the young of even the highest anthropoid apes. Hence, no culture could endure in which the act of reproduction, that is, mating, pregnancy, and childbirth, was not linked up with the fact the father and mother have to look after the children for a long period, and in turn, derive certain benefits from the care and trouble taken." Anthropologies however disagree with Malinowski's view regarding the need of the father to define a family. They argued that the composition the basic social unit is not necessarily the nuclear family setting where father is needed but only the mother and the children are the only ones that composed it (Collier et al 1997). They justified their own view when they claimed that "whether of not a mate become attached to the mother on some more or less permanent basis is a variable matter". Conversely, they are maintaining Malinowski's idea of that family as a universal human institution without the attachment of the father in the family (Collier et al 1997). In some sectors' perspectives, anthropologis... Conversely, they are maintaining Malinowski's idea of that family as a universal human institution without the attachment of the father in the family (Collier et al 1997). In some sectors' perspectives, anthropologists' view is being favored more than Malinowski's. Neurophysiologists such as Diane Ackerman's, through her book A Natural History of Love (1994), agreed indirectly to the fatherless system of the family. According to Ackerman "young children go berserk when separated from their mothers, but not necessarily when separated from their fathers. Ackerman's view rely on love of the parents' towards their offspring, as the latter's reaction depends on the form of love a parent has given. Ackerman stated that mother's love is absolute, that even serial killers have mothers who love them. On the other side, fathers tend to love conditional, and more distant, thus this make children have exclusive affection towards the father (Ackerman 1994). "Fatherly love tends to punish and reward, set limits, make demands and expect obedience" as stated by Ackerman. She explained that it is really part of the parenting that an offspring to be ruled by tyrants, and obeying laws. Sara Ruddick, through her work Thinking about Fathers (1990), said that the idea of men in charge of the family threatens the systems such as household arrangements, political alliances, intersex friendship, and heterosexual relationships. In a feminist's view, domination in the family and career is the issue when men presence comes into the picture in a unit as they tend to suppress women's right to deliberately manage household concerns (Ruddick 1990). However, Ruddick tried to be balance by citing that "fathers are necessary ingredients both of childhood and good enough of

AI Week 11 Criminal DB 153 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

AI Week 11 Criminal DB 153 - Essay Example It is therefore important to address the issue of whether criminal background should be applied in a blanket manner to influence hiring decisions. According to the every person should be given a second chance at proving their suitability to perform. Employers are faced with the ethical dilemma of balancing the safety of their businesses with fairness and in certain instances declining someone’s application for job could result into legal sues. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in the year 2012 released guidelines that prohibit adoption of blanket policies in disqualifying job applicants based on their past criminal records. a past a criminal record doesn’t mean one is incapacitated and EEOC holds that blanket policies treating blacks and Latinos having criminal pasts differently from whites is discriminative and hence illegal. Regardless of whether employers equally apply a law, it is illegal for as longs it harms certain protected groups more than others. This does not prohibit employers from conducting criminal background checks but requires them to prove that their policies are able to link certain c riminal offences and their danger with those risks inherent to particular job positions. In conclusion therefore criminal background checks if not carefully conducted can be discriminative and as such employers are to strive and meet the legal EEOC’S guidelines. Ones criminal past should be checked in terms of nature and gravity, the time that has gone by since one was convicted or completed their sentence and type of job one is applying for. employers should try not apply blanket policies by initiating the criminal backgrounds checks at least at interview level, ensure their policies are in line with necessities of the business, ensure fairness and constantly train the HR teams to apply the best practices of hiring and also

SUPERMARKETS-GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIROMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SUPERMARKETS-GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIROMENT - Essay Example Changes in the Business Environment With the competitive market environment today, there is a great influence of the changing business environment to the process and strategies with which a company or business is run. Business environment can be considered as the social or cultural environment in which the business is operated. It also comprises the internal factors which are penetrating within the business. The basic elements making the entire business environment can be the company’s customers, competitors, employees, suppliers and other individual bodies which are directly influencing the business. Since supermarkets hold an essential place for almost everybody, therefore it is getting more popularity and expansion within people. With the passage of time, the number and range of people using services of supermarkets has also expanded to an enormous level, including both the high class and the middle or low class people (Richards, 2013). This has opened opportunities for sev eral small supermarkets to enter the business and acquire the market share of the big and leading enterprises. With the growing number of market entrants over the period of 2006- 2012 in the UK supermarkets, the business environment has become further intense and competitive. ... As the technology has prospered tremendously over the years, demands and expectations of consumers have also reached to a new level. Businesses can no more expect customer’s satisfaction by providing conventional services, which does not offer ease and benefit together to customers. For this reason, many of the supermarkets have expanded their range of products, to provide more stuff to customers under one roof (-Poitier, 2001). This idea has been incorporated by the Asda supermarket, which has enabled it to increase its overall sales, by opening more options for consumers. In this way, many customers coming to buy grocery are attracted towards furniture or household items, and this allows the business to make more sales (Ayushveda Business, 2009). The effect of globalization cannot be negated in this respect, as it has been one prime reason of the changes occurring in the business environment. A big difference in the supermarket of today, from what it is used to be some 15-20 years back, is the types and range of products they offers to their customers (Business Education, 2013). This depicts that there are emerging brands in various parts of the world, which are entering the global world. Therefore, the number of product suppliers for these supermarkets have increased to a large number, which has introduced the challenge of supplier satisfaction and proper channelling. All suppliers prefer the supermarkets that can give their product maximum hype and sales. Therefore, if a supermarket is just focusing of customer’s satisfaction, then it will soon lose the interest of new product suppliers, and they will certainly go for other retailing stores in the market (Experian, 2011). The change in the

Film analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Film analysis - Essay Example The film was also novel in terms of starring women in its 130 speaking roles including the animals like horses or dogs shown in the film. This all-female film earned the director the title of â€Å"women’s director†. The film ‘The Women’ received a volley of criticism and it is quite evident for an all-female film that it would be subjected to feminist interpretation. The absence of men completely denies the fact or dejection of the concept pertaining to â€Å"the female as an object of gaze†. A consistent mark of heterosexuality and that of bleak mark of lesbianism is noticed in the film through the character of Nancy Blake. Heterosexuality in the pre-war era among the high class societies is a predominant theme of the film. The film ‘The Women’ is circular in nature and the final scene of the film shows the predicament and fulfils the beginning discourse of the film. The final scene of the movie is not only the concluding scene but it is also a sumptuous scene indeed. Divorce was a social taboo at that point of time when the film was made. Naturally, Cukor knew it well that his audience amid this oestrogen stimulating movie would love to watch Mary rushing out from the party to finally succumb to the waiting arms of Stephen, her infidel husband. Mary learns about her foolishness and a close shot with a narrow frame gets focused on the facial expression of Mary. Norma Shearer excellently portrays the expression most apt for this scene and the play of light and shadow with the to and fro fine agile movement of the camera enables to capture a tight-lipped close shot of Shearer’s expression specially her eyes that captivated a sense of longing, desire to fall back on the arms of the beloved and pinning to replenish all that she has lost becomes evident when Mary is shown rushing out of the party hall almost in the vein of a bullet from the gun through the movement and language of camera. The background score, building a climactic appeal

Juvenile Delinquency - Week 7 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Juvenile Delinquency - Week 7 - Coursework Example Availability of Death Penalty as an authorized sentence: There is no death penalty in juvenile court system while there is death penalty for certain serious crimes under certain circumstances in the adult court system. The juveniles are excused from death sentencing because of their emotional immaturity as well as lessened culpability unlike adults who are mature and cognisantly do wrong. Jury trial: Most of the states do not provide juveniles with the right for jury trial while adults have the right for jury trial. It is argued that if jury trial is warranted in juvenile court system then confidentiality shall be undermined, moreover, the proceedings may adversely destroy the idealistic prospect of an intimate (Feld & Schaefer, 2010). Rehabilitation effort: The main purpose of the juvenile court system is rehabilitation of the offender while in the adult system it is punishment. Rehabilitation of the juveniles is targeted to make them improve on their behavior by being taught by the state as well as the community. I think that there are enough significant differences in both the two-court system since they have delineated very useful rights that protect a juvenile. In essence, it is imperative to note that juveniles often break the law because of ignorance, emotional immaturity and lessened culpability. It is therefore, wise to separate their trial court from adults, who are often cognisantly aware of the law and break it

Global Candy and Chocolate Manufacturing Industry Essay - 1

Global Candy and Chocolate Manufacturing Industry - Essay Example Also, the established confectionery manufacturers address the health noted health concerns through the production of new products. Most notable include low caloric confectionery, candy and specialty production of chocolate. According to the prevailing circumstances, the industry estimates an annual growth of 0.5% to $127.6 billion until the end of 2015. 1It also entails an estimated increase of approximately 2.0% in 2015 because of the stable chocolate and cocoa prices. The future of Global Candy and Chocolate Manufacturing Company is poignant. It is anticipated the growth of the mature markets in Japan, United States, Australia and Europe shall remain slow through 2020. During the period, machinists will strive to shall promote product innovation to stimulate demand. On the contrary, newly industrialized nations such as Latin America, South East Asia, and Russia anticipate an increase in demand for the sugar and chocolate confectionery. Furthermore, the global market prices shall increase thus increasing the industry’s overall in this income. In this regard, the industry anticipates an annualized growth of 2.2% to $142.4 billion in the subsequent years until 2020.2 The firm operates in the mature stage of the life cycle. Its industry value added (IVA) is projected to lag behind the global GDP growth in the next ten years through to 2020. IVA quantifies a company’s contribution to the global economy. Thus, it designates maturity of the industry. In the same measure, IBIS World anticipates the business’s IVA shall rise to an annual level of 2.4% for the 10-year period. The growth is comparable to projected annual average growth of 3.5% for world GDP over the period. Even though the firm projects an increase in demand for candy and chocolate in developing countries, the declining demand for the product in mature markets shall hinder the overall expansion of the industry. The Global Candy and Chocolate Manufacturing

American Bar Association, Section of Environment, Energy, and Resources Essay Example for Free

American Bar Association, Section of Environment, Energy, and Resources Essay The utility that is currently regulated by a regulatory commission or agency is electricity. The state, federal and local agencies regulate electricity that is delivered to the consumers while at the same time determining the rate of return for the utility. One of the major bodies that perform the duty of regulating electricity rates is the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) (McGrew, American Bar Association, 2009). Regulation of electricity as one of the commonly used utility is done by regulatory agencies and authorities that determine the prices that are charged. Apart from the regulation of prices of electricity that consumers are charged, the regulatory authorities also determine the terms of service to the consumers, the budgets and the various construction plans that have been put in place (McGrew, American Bar Association, 2009).                  Electricity is a crucial utility that needs to be regulated so as to ensure the protection of the consumers from unscrupulous retailers of the utility (McGrew American Bar Association, 2009). The regulatory rules laid down help in setting the retail rates that are charged on consumers while at the same time helping the retailers to recover the various expenses that they have incurred hence provide them with a rate of return on its capital that can be considered to be â€Å"fair.† Regulation of electricity retail rates by government agencies and regulatory commissions is also faced with the problem of allocating the common costs that are involved in the regulation (McGrew, American Bar Association, 2009).                  Furthermore, the utility’s rate of return for the retailers is also affected by the politics, whereby this allows latitude that is involved in the setting of rates for the different consumers in the market (McGrew, American Bar Association, 2009). The regulation by the government as well as the regulatory agencies and commissions also require that the utility serves all the customers as well as be able in planning expansion and additions of facilities for the purpose of anticipating growth in the market (McGrew, American Bar Association, 2009). Deregulation has been part of the strategy that has been found to have some impact on the supply of electricity as well as the rates charged on electricity supply and distribution.                  According to the â€Å"Federal Power Act† (McGrew, J. H., American Bar Association, 2009), the wholesale price of electricity in addition to the charges on transmission, needs to be based on the costs of production (McGrew, American Bar Association. (2009). However, due to deregulation, the FERC tends to accept the prices that are set by the markets as long as the set standards by the agency are met. The main reason for this acceptance of prices set by the markets is to encourage and support competition within the industry and reduce monopoly (McGrew, American Bar Association, 2009).                  The deregulation of the industry in general makes economic sense in that when there is sufficient competition. Competition within a market helps in the provision of quality service to consumers because each of the suppliers tries their best to attract customers (McGrew, American Bar Association, 2009). Therefore, it means that the rates charged on consumers will not be as high as when there is monopoly in the industry. The general policy by FERC of wanting to expand the role played by the markets as well as increase deregulation makes economic sense in terms of revenues that suppliers will make as well as a healthy market for consumers (McGrew, American Bar Association, 2009). Reference McGrew, J. H., American Bar Association. (2009). FERC: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. Chicago, Ill: American Bar Association, Section of Environment, Energy, and Resources. Source document

Hippa and Information Technology Essay Example for Free

Hippa and Information Technology Essay In this checkpoint I will be discussing certain questions that involve HIPPA and information technology. With technology growing every single day, there are questions that are always involved when dealing with medical record issues. One question would be what advantages could a standardized medical records database offer? What HIPPA issues could arise? And why do you believe technology in the medical records management industry is so far behind other industries? These are the questions I will be answering in this checkpoint. I will start off by talking about the advantages a medical records database could offer. The main advantage of a standardized medical records database would be the convenience. To be able to locate a file with the push of a button would make work for the staff a lot faster. With paper documents it could take hours for another physician or hospital to obtain the information they would need. Another advantage would be the time it would take for a person to travel to and from their physician office to obtain their records for another facility. What HIPPA issues could arise? The main issue when dealing with medical records being online would be their patient’s information staying safe. In these days too many people are able to access sites and databases that should be secure. With people being able to hack and steal identities, this is a major problem when it comes to HIPPA issues. Another issue that could arise would be a patient not signing the forms to allow information to be posted. If a patient does not sign their name, their information should not be put online or given to any other individual. Who do you believe technology in the medical records management industry is so far behind other industries? I believe that the medical record management industry is behind others is because of security. The information that this industry deals with is very sensitive and should be protected at all costs. There are several laws that are in place to insure the protection of the patients and if any of their information were to be leaked, the facility would be in a position for legal action.

Poverty Ethiopia Growth

Poverty Ethiopia Growth Ethiopia has poor infrastructure, persistent food insecurity, and tough government bureaucracy, one of Africas worst AIDS epidemics, no stock market, weak entrepreneurial tradition, poor internet connections and uneasy labor relations. And it lives in tough neighborhood alongside countries such as war-torn Sudan, Somalia and Kenya. In the global race for investment dollars, conventional wisdom might place poverty-stricken Ethiopia among the worlds bleakest prospects. Its comparative advantage is poverty and cheap labor. Ethiopia is developing country. The level of growth is very poor and slow, and isnt improving nowadays. This poor country continues to face complex economic problems as one of the poorest and least developed countries in Africa. Its Economy is based chiefly on agriculture and weather plays major factor in success rates. The growth is not so much attractive and doesnt look very hopeful. Modern industry bears from under investment, shortages of raw material and poor management. Standard of Living: The GNP of Ethiopia is 113 per capita, being extremely low, and intolerable for any form of adequate survival. (Roberts, 2000) The level of living in turn is substantially low. Major cities tend to be slightly better than other areas, but not by much. The primary Industry of Ethiopia is Agriculture, employing roughly 85% of the countrys workers. The rest of the working population is broken down to 10% in service industries, and the final 5% in manufacturing. There are approximately 9 main natural resources and 1 raw material found in abundance in Ethiopia. Two fourth of the power is supplied through hydroelectricity, making Ethiopia one of modern and least dependent on outside sources of energy in Africa. Country has also narrow-gauge railways, seaports, and National highways that connect major population hub in the central plateau and Eritrea. This is only small portion of Ethiopias transportation systems. Many parts of this poor country are made up of unpaved or uncrossable tracks, making transportation slow and useless. The ratio of people to automobiles is 810:1. The labor involved is monotonous and backbreaking. Workers are being paid low for their work, and are typically situated in inadequate working facilities. Purchas ing markets are few and not good enough to buy cloth etc. Ethiopias capital is very low, and they do receive foreign aid and tariffs. Poverty and Domestic Issues Ethiopias chronic poverty is largely due to high population growth and poor economic performance, exacerbated by mismanagement, conflict and drought. During 1981-91, population grew at nearly 3 per cent per year as compared to economic growth of 1.7 per cent and increase in agricultural production of 0.9 per cent. Between 1978/9 and 1988/9, per-capita food grain production dropped from 200kg to about 150kg, while food imports increased from 178,200 tons to 1,460,400 tons, with relief aid amounting to 70 per cent of the total (ESRDF, 1995: 3). The causes included policy distortions; state grain monopolies and constraints on internal trade; land degradation; low use of agricultural technology; and recurrent drought. Domestic conflict and insecurity played key role, both directly and indirectly. The states huge military expenditure and lack of development assistance constrained development of water resources for irrigation and power essential components of increased food security and poverty reduction in the Ethiopian situation. The Effects Of Complex Economic Emergency And Interventions major cost of conflict and economic mismanagement under the Derg regime, was the exacerbation of chronic poverty and problems of drought and famine. By 1984, Tigray region was roughly divided into two parts: towns and surrounding areas remained under government control, while rural areas were largely under the TPLF (Hendrie, 1994: 127). In rural areas people lived strong-minded with new hopes. Residents of government-held towns depended on food brought in by truck convoys from the south. People in TPLF areas lost access to towns with grain markets disaster for poor households dependent on these markets for access to food. The central governments counter-insurgency strategy directly targeting the civilian population was, with drought, major ca-use of the chronic humanitarian crisis of the mid-1980s (Hendrie, 1999: 65). One aspect of this was the launching of ground offensives against those parts of western Tigray still producing grain surplus (ibid.). The offensives targeted civilian economies and coping mechanisms and aimed to destroy the support base of opposition movements. The consequences were famine and asset depletion, making rehabilitation difficult and leading to chronic and recurrent emergency. Economy And Development Following 17 years of the Derg dictatorship and devastating wars, Ethiopias society and economy was in ruins. More than 400,000 demobilized soldiers and their families were largely destitute, as were up to one million people displaced in ethnic conflicts that flared up after the fall of the Derg. There were thousands of Ethiopians, including long-term residents, evicted from Eritrea; hundreds of thousands returning from exile in neighboring countries; and thousands forced by new conflicts to flee areas where they had been resettled. In May 1991, the Transitional Government of Ethiopia (TGE) inherited ruined economy and massive debts from 17 years of Derg misrule. An early action of the new regime was to issue charter for the transitional period, indicating the new political direction, with the national question at the centre of the impending political transformation. In November 1991, it followed up with policy paper outlining the economic policy of the transitional period and major principles of moving towards market economy, creating an environment conducive to investment, and rehabilitating the war-torn economy. With donor assistance, the TGE set up an Emergency Recovery and Reconstruction Program (ERRP) for economic revival together with macroeconomic reform program. This helped to stabilize the economy by dismantling the military regimes centrally planned economic system, restoring Ethiopias competitive position through exchange-rate devaluation, and opening up opportunities for private investment, leading to renewed growth in the industrial and service sectors. This was the prelude to substantial structural adjustment program (SAP) and comprehensive policy framework (1992) outlining major reforms agreed between the TGE, the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF). This led to reform package with three overlapping phases: stabilization, structural reform and further structural reform, with the first phase focused on tighter fiscal and monetary policies and adjusting exchange rates. The social impact of the SAP was reflected in its effect on incomes, prices, the availability of essential services and high urban unemployment. Reduced extraction of resources from the rural sector meant less to support the centre, particularly the major urban sector of government employment, which was drastically reduced by the SAP. The Ethiopian Social Rehabilitation Fund (ESRF), later called the Ethiopian Social Rehabilitation and Development Fund (ESRDF), was established in June 1992 to help address these problems. It has since played significant role in rehabilitating basic services, supporting income generation and reducing poverty for the poorest sectors of society. The governments development strategy aims to reduce poverty through combination of sustained economic growth, improved basic social services and targeted measures to improve incomes, self-reliance and quality of life for the poorest groups and communities. Increased participation of primary stakeholders is seen as essential to all these areas (ESRDF, 1995: 4). It also emphasizes womens participation in development planning and implementation. By 1994 the extent of poverty was reduced to 49 per cent with 21 per cent consumption gap (Dercon and Krishnan, 1998). later study by the Addis Ababa and Goteborg universities indicates marginal decrease of urban poverty between 1994-7 from 41 to 39 per cent (Tafesse, 2000). government poverty report based on 1995/6 household surveys, put the level of poverty at 45 per cent (47 rural households; 33 urban households). There have been decisive moves towards trade liberalization, reducing import duties and privatizing state enterprises. Govern ment policy calls for an increased role for the private sector, although progress has been slow. The principal obstacles continue to include elements of the government bureaucracy, together with the land policy and lack of infrastructure. From the above discussion it can be concluded that the future of Ethiopia is dark. Due to lack of economic opportunities or no proper planning the economic life is below poverty level. The failure to produce sufficient food for its existed population still builds mass hunger. The rulers of this country do not appear to be thinking any planning of future, making chances of development almost expected. References Dercon and Krishnan (1998) Changes in Rural Poverty in Ethiopia, 1989-95. World Bank Discussion Paper. Cited in G. Tafesse (ed.) The Dynamics of Poverty in Ethiopia. Paper presented at the Symposium for Reviewing Ethiopias Socioeconomic Performance 19911999, Addis Ababa, 26-9 April. ESRDF (1995) Ethiopian Social Rehabilitation and Development Fund project document, 28 December. Hendrie, B. (1994) Relief Aid Behind the Lines: The Cross-Border Operation in Tigray. In J. Macrae and . Zwi (eds.) War and Hunger. Zed Books and Save the Children UK, London. Hendrie, B. (1999) Local Effects of Revolutionary Reform in Tigray Village, Northern Ethiopia. Ph.D. thesis, University College, London. Roberts, N. (2000) World Bank Strategy in Ethiopia. Paper presented to the Symposium for Reviewing Ethiopias Socioeconomic Performance 1991-1999, 26-9 April, Addis Ababa. Tafesse, G. (2000) The Dynamics of Poverty in Ethiopia. Paper presented to the Symposium for Reviewing Ethiopias Socioeconomic Performance 1991-1999, April 26-9. Addis Ababa.

The Spread of Television in 1950s, in America Essay -- Television

The ‘Golden Age of Television’ is what many refer to as the period between the 1950s and 60s when the television began to establish itself as a prevalent medium in the United States. In 1947, the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), the National Broadcasting Company (NBC), and the Du Mont Network were the four main television networks that ran stations with regular programming taking place. (Television, 2003) While regular television programming was a new innovation, the television itself had been commercially available for over twenty years prior to the 50s. It was conceived by many worldly innovators and went through several testing stages before it was finally completed in the late twenties. The three main innovators were Niplow - who first developed a rotating disk with small holes arranged in a spiral pattern in 1884, Zworykin - who developed the Iconoscope which could scan pictures and break them into electronic signals (a primi tive form of the Cathode Ray Tube) in 1923, and lastly Fansworth - who demonstrated for the first time that it was possible to transmit an electrical image in 1927. (Rollo, 2011) However, one of the many reasons why this medium was successful in the 50s was due to the fact that it became more accessible to the public. Television sets were more affordable to middle class citizens which created further interest in the new technology. Through an historical account of the medium, the spread of television across America throughout this particular decade will be examined. Firstly, for the purposes of illustrating the cultural context of this decade, I will refer to Lynn Spigel’s writing entitled â€Å"Welcome to the Dreamhouse: Popular Media and Postwar Suburb†. After WWII... ...t has not stopped television from being one of the most successful mediums for the dissemination of information. Works Cited Paul S. Boyer. "Television." The Oxford Companion to United States History. 2001. Retrieved November 24, 2011 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O119-Television.html Bretz, Rudy , 1957 â€Å"Video Tape: A TV Revolution† The Quarterly of Film Radio and Television , Vol. 11, No. 4 pp. 399-415 Published by: University of California Press Article Stable URL: www.jstor.org/stable/1210000 Ganzel, Bill. (2007). Television during the 1950s and 60s. Retrieved from http://www.livinghistoryfarm.org/farminginthe50s/life_17.html Rollo, Mike. 2011  ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"Video History† Film/Video I Lecture Notes Spigel, Lynn. 2001 Welcome to the dreamhouse : popular media and postwar suburbs / Lynn Spigel Duke University Press, Durham, N.C. :

G Washington Biography :: essays papers

G Washington Biography In 1752, his brother, Lawrence died and George received his father's estate in Mount Vernon. His brother's death also brought about a future for George Washington. George Washington also received the title of adjutant - his brother's previous rank. Major Washington's first assignment was when he volunteered to carry the governor's message to the French commander of immediate withdrawal. His ambition at this time was to secure royal preference for a commission in the regular British Army, and this expedition promised to bring him to the king's attention. Washington took with him a skillful and experienced frontiersman, Christopher Gist, together with an interpreter and four other men. Reaching the forks of the Ohio, he found that the French had withdrawn northward for the winter. After inconclusive negotiations with the Native Americans living there, who were members of the Iroquois Confederacy, he pressed on and finally delivered Dinwiddie's message to the French commander at Fort Le Boeuf, not far from Lake Erie. The answer was polite but firm: The French were there to stay. Returning, Washington reached Williamsburg, the capital of Virginia, to deliver this word to the governor in mid-January 1754, having made a hard wilderness journey of more than 1600 km (1000 mi) in less than three months. With his report he submitted a map of his route and a strong recommendation that an English fort be erected at the forks of the Ohio as quickly as possible, before the French returned to that strategic position in the spring. With this premiere mission, George Washington was later promoted to Militia Commander and ultimately became a General in the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War. During battles in the Revolutionary War, he was highly unconventional. At times, he had to be reminded to stay in the back of the army or he would be shot. During one battle, he rode his horse up to the front line in order to encourage his troops to continue fighting. By doing this, one of the greatest minds of the world may have died. The war finally ceased in April 1782 and Washington returned to his home in Mount Vernon. With the war over, the United States (not quite a united United States yet) was still under the influence of The Articles of Confederation. Moreover, the colonies were so disunited, that many counties viewed thirteen different countries rather than one.

Confession of the Jews and First Confession :: Confession of the Jews Essays

Confession of the Jews and First Confession In comparing the books "Confession of the Jews" and "First Confession", I have found there to be similarities and differences. For example, "First Confession" deals with a boy converting from a boy to a young man by going to confession and telling his sins for the first time. "Conversion of the Jews" deals with converting a boy into someone he has never really seen which was a free thinker which only older people usually do. In "Conversion of the Jews" Ozzie, who was the main character, had a problem with getting along with the priest Rabbi Binder at Hebrew School. Rabbi Binder didn't really like Ozzie because he was always asking a lot of questions and Rabbi Binder was always getting angry at him. In "First Confession" Jackie, the main character, also had a problem. Jackies problem was similar to Ozzies, but also different. Jackie had a problem with his sister Nora. Nora believed that Jackie was always lying and being bad. On his confession day his mother sent Nora go with Jackie. Nora ordered Jackie to tell all of his sins, including how he was mean to the grandmother who lived with them. Ozzie seemed troubled to Rabbi Binder in "Conversion of the Jews". In reality Jackie wasn't bad at all, he was just a boy who wanted answers to his questions. And that was proved when Ozzie asked a question in class and Rabbi Binder went crazy and hit Ozzie because he thought Ozzie was trying to be a wise guy. So Ozzie tried to prove a point to Rabbi Binder and his fellow classmates by running to the roof and making believe he was going to jump. With Ozzie being on the roof it gave Rabbi Binder a bigger belief that Ozzie was crazy and troubled. Ozzie wasn't really crazy, he was just trying to make a point that he really wasn't dumb. Ozzie just wanted to believe that there was really a Christ. So with the point that Ozzie was trying to make helped to convert everyone and their beliefs. Jackie, like Ozzie, was also troubled in "First Confession". He was a young boy who lived with his family, including the grandmother. Jackie believed the grandmother didn't like him very much, so he did mean things to her like hide under the table when she cooked dinner. When it came time for his first confession he went with his sister Nora. Nora tormented Jackie and scared him into believing he was a sinner and he will pay for all of his sins.

Night World : Huntress Chapter 1

It's simple,† Jez said on the night of the last hunt of her life. â€Å"You run. We chase. If we catch you, you die. Well give you three minutes head start.† The skinhead gang leader in front of her didn't move. He had a pasty face and shark eyes. He was standing tensely, trying to look tough, but Jez could see the little quiver in his leg muscles. Jez flashed him a smile. â€Å"Pick a weapon,† she said. Her toe nudged the pile at her feet. There was a lot of stuff there- guns, knives, baseball bats, even a few spears. â€Å"Hey, take more than one. Take as many as you want. My treat.† There was a stifled giggle from behind her and Jez made a sharp gesture to stop it. Then there was silence. The two gangs stood facing each other, six skinhead thugs on one side and Jez's gang on the other. Except that Jez's people weren't exactly normal gang members. The skinhead leader's eyes shifted to the pile. Then he made a sudden lunge and came up with something in his hand. A gun, of course. They always picked guns. This particular gun was the kind it was illegal to buy inCalifornia these days, a large caliber semiautomatic assault weapon. The skinhead whipped it up and held it pointed straight at Jez. Jez threw back her head and laughed. Everyone was staring at her-and that was fine. She looked great and she knew it. Hands on her hips, red hair tumbling over her shoulders and down her back, fine-boned face tipped to the sky-yeah, she looked good. Tall and proud and fierce†¦ and very beautiful. She was Jez Redfern, the huntress. She lowered her chin and fixed the gang leader with eyes that were neither silver nor blue but some color in between. A color he never could have seen before, because no human had eyes like that. He didn't get the clue. He didn't seem like the brightest. â€Å"Chase this,† he said, and he fired the gun. Jez moved at the last instant. Not that metal through the chest would have seriously hurt her, but it might have knocked her backward and she didn't want that She'd just taken over the leadership of the gang from Morgead, and she didn't want to show any weakness. The bullet passed through her left arm. There was a little explosion of blood and a sharp flash of pain as it fractured the bone before passing on through. Jez narrowed her eyes, but held on to her smile. Then she glanced down at her arm and lost the smile, hissing. She hadn't considered the damage to her sleeve. Now there was a bloody hole in it. Why didn't she ever think about these things? â€Å"Do you know how much leather costs? Do you know how much aNorthBeach jacket costs?† She advanced on the skinhead leader. He was blinking and hyperventilating. Trying to figure out how she'd moved so fast and why she wasn't yelling in agony. He aimed the gun and fired again. And again, each time more wildly. Jez dodged. She didn't want any more holes. The flesh of her arm was already healing, closing up and smoothing over. Too bad her jacket couldn't do the same. She reached the skinhead without getting hit again and grabbed him by the front of his green and black Air Force flight jacket. She lifted him, one handed, until the steel toes of his Doc Marten boots just cleared the ground. â€Å"You better run, boy,† she said. Then she threw him. He sailed through the air a remarkable distance and bounced off a tree. He scrambled up, his eyes showing white with terror, his chest heaving. He looked at her, looked at his gang, then turned and started running through the redwoods. The other gang members stared after him for a moment before diving for the weapons pile. Jez watched them, frowning. They'd just seen how effective bullets were against people like her, but they still went for the guns, passing by perfectly good split-bamboo knives, yew arrows, and a gorgeous snakewood walking stick. And then things were noisy for a while as the skinheads came up from the pile and started firing. Jez's gang dodged easily, but an exasperated voice sounded in Jez's head. Can we go after them now? Or do you want to show off some more? She flicked a glance behind her. Morgead Blackthorn was seventeen, a year older than she, and her worst enemy. He was conceited, hotheaded, stubborn, and power-hungry-and it didn't help that he was always saying she was all those things, too. â€Å"I told them three minutes,† she said out loud. â€Å"You want me to break my word?† And for that instant, while she was snarling at him, she forgot to keep track of bullets. The next thing she knew Morgead was knocking her backward. He was lying on top of her. Something whizzed over both of them and hit a tree, spraying bark. Morgead's gem-green eyes glared down into hers. â€Å"But†¦ they're .. . not. . . running,† he said with exaggerated patience. â€Å"In case you hadn't noticed.† He was too close. His hands were on either side of her head. His weight was on her. Jez kicked him off, furious with him and appalled at herself. â€Å"This is my game. I thought of it. We play it my way!† she yelled. The skinheads were scattering anyway. They'd finally realized that shooting was pointless. They were running, crashing through the sword fern. â€Å"Okay, now!† Jez said. â€Å"But the leader's mine.† There was a chorus of shouts and hunting calls from her gang. Val, the biggest and always the most impatient, dashed off first, yelling something like â€Å"Yeeeeeehaw.† Then Thistle and Raven went, the slight blond and the tall dark girl sticking together as always. Pierce hung back, staring with his cold eyes at a tree, waiting to give his prey the illusion of escaping. Jez didn't look to see what Morgead was doing. Why should she care? She started off in the direction the skinhead leader had taken. But she didn't exactly take his path. She went through the trees, jumping from one redwood to another. The giant sequoias were the best; they had the thickest branches, although the wart like bulges called burls on the coastal redwoods were good landing places, too. Jez jumped and grabbed and jumped again, occasionally doing acrobatic flips when she caught a branch just for the fun of it. She loved Muir Woods. Even though all the wood around her was deadly-or maybe because it was. She liked taking risks. And the place was beautiful: the cathedral silence, the mossy greenness, the resinous smell. Last week they'd hunted seven gang members throughGolden GatePark . It had been enjoyable, but not really private, and they couldn't let the humans fight back much. Gunshots in the park would attract attention. Muir Woods had been Jez's idea- they could kidnap the gang members and bring them here where nobody would disturb them. They would give them weapons. It would be a real hunt, with real danger. Jez squatted on a branch to catch her breath. There just wasn't enough real danger in the world, she thought. Not like the old days, when there were still vampire hunters left in the Bay Area. Jez's parents had been killed by vampire hunters. But now that they'd all been eliminated, there wasn't anything really scary anymore†¦. She froze. There was an almost inaudible crunching in the pine needles ahead of her. Instantly she was on the move again, leaping fearlessly off the branch into space, landing on the spongy pine-needle carpet with her knees bent. She turned and stood face-to-face with the skinhead. â€Å"Hey there,† she said.

Drug Abuse as a Social Problem Essay

doses stool been around for thousands of years. A medicine is whatever(prenominal) chemical that produces a therapeutic or non-therapeutic effect in the body ( doses and immature marrow Ab drill 2000.) just close medicines were archetypal dropd for medicinal purposes, such as marijuana. Active substances were not extracted into medicines until the 19th century. pertly discovered substances analogous morphine, laudanum, and cocaine were wholly unregulated and prescribed freely by physicians for a wide variety of ailments. injure veterans returned home with their kits of morphine and hypodermic adoptles (History of dose holler, n.d.) The use of mislabeled do medicatess is increasing, especi solelyy among new-fangled teens. The interlocking theory of affectionate chores states that, golf club is marked by difference delinquent to inequalities in class, race, ethnicity, gender, term, and whatsoever other divisions that produce remote ideas (Kornblum and Julian, 2004, 7.)Solutions to solve neighborly bothers include structure stronger movements in negateed classs and then maybe amiable in negotiations to reach accommodations. The act uponalist approach to friendly tasks, views friendship as a enormous organism whose parts atomic number 18 coordinated (Kornblum and Julian, 2004, 7.) Functionalists believe that inductions produce typewrites of deviance and they moldiness be addressed through hale-calculated amicable re strainingations. Solutions include engaging in look into and interventions to improve these complaisant institutions. on that sign be umteen ideas between the conflict and functionalist perspectives on how to remedy the wide-spread companionable problem of drug misdirect.Substance malignment advise just be defined as, a pattern of harmful use of any substances for mood-altering purposes (What Is Substance ill-treat, n.d.) As culture and customs change, so do the major categories of ill egal drugs. The just more or less comm muchover misused drugs forthwith, in admittance to alcoholic beverageic drinkic beverageic drink, atomic number 18 marijuana, cocaine, opiates (including heroin and morphine), h e preciseucinogens, amphetamines, and barbiturates. or so preadolescent citizenry are again experimenting with psychoactive drugs deal LSD and Ecstasy (Kornblum and Julian, 2004.) Teens use drugs for many reasons including curiosity, because it feels effective, to write out stress, to feel heavy(p) up or to fit in with their peers ( doses and Teen Substance Abuse 2000.) umteen passel view drug shame and addiction as strictly a amicable problem. Drug misdirect affects parliamentary law in many ways. In the contemplate it is costly in terms of disjointed work time and inefficiency. More than fractional the deaths in the United States involve alcohol, in close to form, such as in homicides and suicides. Drug-related crimes stick out disrupt the neighborhoods due to violence among drug dealers, threats to residents, and the crimes of the addicts themselves. Also, a great mass of home slight mass suck in either a drug or alcohol problem (NIDA InfoFacts downstairsstanding Drug Abuse and Addiction, 2005.)Humans be feel used drugs of atomic number 53 sort or another for thousands of years. For the old last decades, crime and drugs have been c whollyed by some, the some important problems facing this coun translate. The dependable economic cost of drug exclaim in the United States is estimated at some $70 superstar million million million annu aloney. In so, the States is actually losing money because of the use of drugs. collect to years of studies, it is proven that drug abuse costs the Organization for Economic Co-operation and schooling ( spotn as OECD) countries to a greater extent(prenominal) than than $120 billion per year in drug enforcement, prosecutions, prisons, measure programmers, treatment and health care costs, and monetary losses incurred from drug-related crimes. This is very badly for the association as a full-length because it overly affects many great deal. In a demonstrate study, it was hypothesized that the identicallihood of recent hard drug use would be steeper among arrest. They have a slight disadvantage because of meek-toned income, widespread poverty, blue employment rate, bound richly school graduation, numerous female-headed household, high existence density, and large African-American population.The sociological Conflict Theory holds that in that respect are higher numbers of chronic drug abusers found in lower social classes, disorganized neighborhoods, and relatively politically answer oneselfless places. The disappearance of decent paying manual(a) work since the archaeozoic 1970s leaves unskilled, illiterate several(prenominal)s vulnerable to poverty. This is when selling drugs, an alternative to enduring grinding poverty, has been a common fair to middledling response as the income gap had widened. This has change magnitude the violence and crime rate of hostel.The Functionalist berth in sociology states that everyone in the fellowship holds a position and in this position their precondition has a set ofroles or definite airs that are required to perform the tasks at hand (Kornblum and Julian, 2004.) The roles consist of nurses at the medical institutions, lawyers at supranational firms or just a lively collar worker at any type of factory. For the most part, each location role is involved in an institution of some kind and is needed for the saving and ball club to function as a alone. The Functionalist Perspective looks at the way major social instructions like the family, military, the health-care system, and the police force and courts actually operate (Kornblum and Julian, 2004, 6.) This basically meat that for these institutions that are needed to fulfill these roles and duties fo r the economy, the roles and behaviors of employees need to evolve as a whole so that the institution can function (Kornblum and Julian, 2004.) For example, a nurse needs to know certain things about(predicate) her job like what medicine can treat a certain sickness or when and where mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is needed for a victim or if moving that victim could paralyze that person.Sociologists distinguish that, when all members of the group perform their roles correctly, the group is said to be functioning well (Kornblum and Julian, 2004, 6.) When club as a whole is said to be functioning as one this means that there is cosmopolitan agreement about how roles are to be performed and the expectations are reinforced by the societys basic values (Kornblum and Julian, 2004, 6.) The primary(prenominal)(prenominal) question that is asked is, why do we have social problems if each institution has roles in the society? (Kornblum and Julian, 2004, 6) Many say that the main reason that functionalists believe we as a society have social problems is because our society is always changing and the society is having to fit to the changes and when the society fails than that is when social problems exist (Kornblum and Julian 2004.) When a society undergoes changes, for example ac recanttance from pre-industrial where most of the economy was based on agricultural to the industrial era where many poverty stricken farmers became factory workers solely of those workers do not adapt, it is said that such a change can rails to crime, such as drug abuse. The functionalist sociologist says that, all societies produce their own unique form of crime and how they respond to this change (Kornblum and Julian, 2004, 7.)In the past years we have been con execute a war against drugs. In the mid 1980s, the United States adopted a series of aggressive law enforcementstrategies and criminal judge policies geared towards reducing and punishing drug abuse. Changes in the federal laws required that all sentenced federal finish offenders were to serve 87 portion of their court-imposed sentence. Many drug offenders are subjected to a mandatory sentence based upon the type and quantity of the drugs that were involved in their arrest. fit in to the Uniform Crime Report, 1,532,000 drugs arrests were made in 1999, up from 580,900 in 1980. most people infer the increase in drug arrests is a good sign, scarcely others think it denies drug users what they really need, which is treatment. No one fitms to argue about the serious problem with drugs in the United States. agree to a 2002 subject Survey on drug use, 19.5 million Americans ages 12 and older were up-to-date illicit drug users. 1 in every 13 adults is an alcoholic. The functionalist view is that society has norms and guidelines on alcohol and drug use. tender norms identify the appropriate use of drugs and alcohol. ethical drug drugs are very functional in society because they can alleviate pain, reduce fever, and can curb infections. Even alcohol is accepted in moderation and can be consumed with meals and or celebrations. Sometimes there even so health benefits, such as red wine being good for the heart. Society provides norms regarding the excessive use of drugs. Drug abuse can besides do when society is unable to provide guidelines for our behavior. Under certain situations that can be very stressful, people consume more alcohol and drugs. If people lack norms to control their behavior they are likely to pursue unsafe behaviors like alcohol and drug abuse.Drug abuse is one of the biggest edit outs in social problems. Many of the people who take drugs suit a lot of problems. There are many similarities and differences between the functionalist view and conflict view pertaining to drug abuse theory. From a functionalist perspective, drug abuse affects some everyone in our society, directly or indirectly. Seventy million adult Americans have used illegal drugs at som e time in their lives. The out come from this understands that 450,000 Americans die from gage each year. When some of the people abuse drugs, they get addicted to it and then they tend to abuse it more. Addiction is uncontrollable and lashings of people face the terrible repercussions for example, losing their job, family, friends, health and their wealth. Getting addicted to drugs gets worse because the entropy shows that, 97% of drug addicts neer see treatment (NIDA InfoFacts misgiving Drug Abuse and Addiction, 2005.) Research has revealed how drug abuse causes some(prenominal) short-term and long-term changes in forefront function. These long-term brain changes are transparent to scientists who can see what is going on in the brain with new see techniques.These changes make it nearly impossible for person addicted to drugs to stop exploitation them on their own they need to get treatment. On the conflict side, it shows that, 95 pct of untreated addicts die of their ad diction (NIDA InfoFacts Understanding Drug Abuse and Addiction, 2005.) There is a separation of classes and some of the people in society think that making people quit using drugs is their own business they get intot have any fretfulness for it. Some of the healthcare programs that have actual for the people who want to quit drugs show that, for every dollar spent on addiction treatment, seven dollars are salve in costs to society in healthcare and criminal activity (NIDA InfoFacts Understanding Drug Abuse and Addiction, 2005.) Institutions have also been created to help people who want to quit. The National Institution of Drug Abuse (NIDA) emphasize that researchers have shown that there are no effective treatments that can help people stop their addiction and prevent them from using it again. Basically, the conflict perspective views drug abuse as a problem of the classes, outdoors separated due to economic standing.There are many roles that are play in the functionalist p rospective, which has lead to some of the results on the conflict side of drug abuse. For example, the governance plays a big role in why their countrys population is in high or low percentage of using drug. Some countries like the United States strictly control the use of drugs by restricting access more and giving strict punishment, unlike Afghanistan, capital of South Carolina or some of the other countries. Most likely the organisation in these countries does not work hard on this issue because they are making profit off it or some of the big politicians are involved in it. In Afghanistan the government said that no matter what we try to do to stop it, but it cannot be cured because drugs grow in almost 99% of the Afghanistan. Countries like these can only try to lower drug exertion and abuse to a certain point, but not as low as the United States has reduces the trafficking and use of drugs.Parents play themost important role of all. In some ways, they are responsible for wh y their kidskin is on drugs, or they make it defecate that drug use is unacceptable and harmful. For example, some of the parents do not care about their children and always have a contradict response toward their children. This becomes stressful for the children and they start abusing drugs, view that it relives them but instead it makes the problems worse. They start abusing more drugs and end up in a very deep problem. On the other hand, some do mot even bother to take the drugs because their parents make it clear to them that drug use is never all right. In a recent study it shows that drug use is high among people who live in high spot of structural disadvantage, people who are less educated, low income, widespread poverty, high unemployment, high population density, low stability, and large African American population, which is why for some of the people using drugs is not a bad choice to them but it is almost like their medicine to remedy their social status.Some of the people think that drinking alcohol is not taking a drug. It can be a drug if some is addicted to it. Data shows that, fifty percent of the traffic deaths are alcohol related. Teenagers have the highest percentage of drinking age in the USA because teenagers tend to drink more than the people who are over the age of thirty. This is all because teenagers are more aggressive, more imitating, more macho, and have some parents or close friends who are willing to deal alcohol for them. Many teenagers believe that alcohol and drug use is safe and are unaware of the consequences to excessive use. The average 18 years old has seen 100,000 television commercials back up them him of her to drink. According to the NIDA, that is why 90% of high school seniors have tried alcohol, 53% gets drunk at least in one case a month, 43% smoke marijuana, and about one third are skunk cigarettes.From the conflict perspective, a teenager who loses everything early in life or never had much to begin with, t ends to drink or abuse more alcohol exclusively because they just think that it is aid them to immobilize everything. That leads to more problems and these children end up committing crimes and possibly could end up in jail. According to the conflict theory, people outside of this social class and situation are involuntary to help integrate these individuals back into society. Some people dont empathizethat just because of their addiction, it can take them to the point where no one can help them. Today there are about 190 million drug users all around the world, all of whom need help battling their addiction. The way to help them, however, varies between the conflict and functionalist perspectives.In conclusion, drug abuse presents a prevalent issue in todays society. The conflict theory of sociology states that society functions so that each individual musician and its group struggles to maximize their benefits, which inevitably contributes to social change (such as changes i n administration and revolutions.) This theory attempts to refute the functionalist perspective of social problems, which considers that societies function so that each individual and group plays a specific role, like organs in the body. A conflict theorist would suggest solving the problem of drug abuse by conform to the needs of people in the classes excruciation from drug use and educating them on the personal effects of drugs. The functionalist theorist, on the other hand, would suggest become more actively involved by reforming institutions as a whole and helping to redefine the abusers roles in society. Drug abuse is a very prevalent problem in the United States today and sociological theories provide for many different solutions.

Dutch Disease

The sorts are distinguished by their origin as well as the indications and clinical symptoms that happen.Later on 1970, when oil price soured by 4 times; UK was tempted to invest in North Sea oil industry in Scotland.Soon after exporting the oil, UK encountered with a serious recession personal following labor strike. Firm workers demanded for higher wage because their disposal income has decreased which stemmed letter from the fall in expensive commodity demand. UK has become a net export of oil and worth Pound got appreciated.Dutch disease is merely arithmetic.The term of â€Å"Dutch disease† for the first time came in an article in The chief Economist -1977 that described the case as a natural resource curse.The name of Dutch Disease generally associated with a natural valuable resource discovery, but it can be seen in any trade or investment activity how that results in a large inflow of foreign currency, including a rise in natural resource prices, foreign aid, and fo reign direct investment. The inflow of American treasures into Spain in 16th and gold discoveries in Australia in the 1850s are other two example of Dutch Disease diagnosis. By 1978, how this story repeated in Iran.

It normally contributes to a countrys currency appreciating in value.Russia is likely to be another innocent victim of this disease. Nearly 40% of GDP, 60% of export revenue and 60% of government marginal revenue depends on oil and gas production. General perception of Russian economics, like other resource-rich countries, expects the common symptom of disease.Russia as one of the main oil producer can easily impact on oil price by cost reducing or increasing the amount of production.The expression Dutch Disease was originally coined (and is most frequently used) to describe the effect of a pure important source windfall (natural gas in the instance of 1970s Netherlands).These all concludes to CAD appreciation which is logical not what a commercial sector of an economy try to reach at. Since we are on another side of history, revolution against energy consumption and climate change got more serious, the countries that are ail too dependent on natural resource are being question ed more than before. Except for short-run effect of asymmetric growth on resource optimal allocation and income distribution, we are better to think about long-run issue of not renewable resource severe depletion rate and future plan for rich-resource countries. 2.

In precisely the same manner, its real hard to reveal whats causing a drop in the industry.Increase in foreign currency 3. Foreign direct investment 4. Foreign aid 5. only Natural resource price growth While at the mid-term they would experience: 1.The growth of one sector may be a consequence of many things that range from increase in demand and higher price of a resource, the sudden discovery of a all-natural resource that is valuable or perhaps sudden surge in foreign aid resulting in the increase in currency value.Become a net import of manufactured goods 6. Losing export power in manufactured goods other than natural resources 7. Leading to uneven economyThis is the mechanism in which non-resource industries get hurt by valuable resource industry which proudly increases the wealth and spread the benefit unevenly across the country that accounts for hidden national economy turmoil, which make manufacturing jobs, move to lower cost countries. Canada logical and Oil Sand Feve r (3.

The appreciation of the domestic currency is likely to create the exports in businesses deeds that are various of the nation more expensive while imports will get cheaper.Tom Mulcair, the NDP leader, who is well being accused of dividing the country against each other, named the oil sand of Canada the dirty oil. He said that the booming of olive oil industry in Saskatchewan province would hollow out other provinces’ economy.He believes the oil exportation drive up the little value of dollar and hurt manufacturing sector. The studies show that the appreciation of Canadian several dollars relative to USD is driven by three factors.A appreciation of the exchange rate might have a total differential influence on economic growth.Arguments for and against the preposition) Investigating the proposition that the country has experienced a period of anglo Dutch disease, two conditions may need to be fulfilled. First, see if currency deep appreciation has driven up by the export or iented commodity prices. Second, see to what extend unemployment old has been affected in the manufacturing sector. According to Krugman (1987), it becomes a disease when the manufacturing sector what does not come back after the resource boom.

Competitiveness is lost by the country.(5. Government role to reduce the whole incident or mitigate the effect- foreign exchange intervention) â€Å"The gratification of wealth is not found in mere possession or in lavish expenditure, but in its wise application. – Miguel de Cervantes pino Saavedra Under transparently and wisely management, if government can diversify the manufacturing and export sectors to reduce dependency on the booming public sector and make them less vulnerable to external shocks, such as a sudden drop in commodity prices and at the same time avoid dumping all export revenue in the economy and devote fund of energy revenue to enforce other part of the industry through privatization and restructuring, the economy would be more resilience and integrated.In countries with temporary resource discovery, many policymakers may want to protect the non-trade sectors through foreign exchange intervention that is, building up foreign exchange coronary reserve through the sale of domestic currency to keep the foreign exchange value of the domestic currency lower to insulate the economy in condition the extra wealth spend wisely and to lead to inflation.DownDutch disorder empty can prove to be fatal unless nations use their exchange rate can be obtained by how their fortunes to market their economiesor.Moreover they firmly believe that their non-oil industry is not that due much big to get hurt from global competition and they would continue to develop the oil sector which is more competitive logical and they are good at. In Chad, after oil discovery on 2004, the Chadian government invested the income on summary developing crop production and feeding poor people at the same time. In order to deliver the food to poor in distance villages first the lack of road hindered the process. So the next main object was to improve transportation infrastructural.

Commonly, there develops a nation the disease syndrome in case of a financial windfall of earnings that results in destructive or harmful results from the market to include things.There are twenty two policies how to spend the money. If the foreign currency is traded with foreign commodity and spend on import, the domestically product other goods are remained unharmed. But suppose it is converted to local currency, this time the local productions last get affected. If the central bank decided for a fixed nominal exchange rate, after conversion the currency, the money supply increases, the local demand increase and local production price rise which leads to higher less real exchange rate.The scale dependence on petroleum revenue resulted in the decrease of distinct sectors such as company.M. and J. P. Neary.

The source of crude oil cant be increased because its become more and more challenging to discover and create oil reserves and is limited however.†¢Coulombe, S. , R. Lamy and S. old Rogers (2007).Second, the petroleum sector infrastructure is in disrepair.htm †¢Ebrahim-zadeh, Christine (March 2003, Volume 40, Number 1). â€Å"Back to very Basics – Dutch Disease: Too much wealth managed unwisely†. Finance and Development, A quarterly magazine of the IMF. IMF.

Waiting for Superman

fasten Mitchell Ms. Campbell ENG hundred and angiotensin converting enzyme 01 October 2012 postponement for venereal disease The put d ingest delay for dosage follows quint children as they accept to conflict through with(p) a ashes of opposed information regulations and stay off the initiateman pitf alones that atomic number 18 earth directs in tell apart to take a soundly training that whitethorn guaranty them a cargoner. The bourgeon, tell by Davis Guggenheim, asserts the usurp that Teachers Unions argon a briny task to frequent training, and that hire checks argon the safest and or so certain(prenominal) mode to look that a pupil acquires a fit genteelness.While the shoot was created with wide intentions to break the teaching method of American students, it has been kindled by close collectible to the ikon wishly to demonise Teachers Unions and overly-p raising use up naturalize forms. Although unrestricted checkhouses wipe forth and then faltered since the 1970s, it does non slopped that orphic indoctrinatedayss and enlist schools argon the go-to solution. The righteousness is, world school strategys pret reverse been be to consummate retributive as hale as, if non bankrupt(p) than, the hold schools that the lease manifestly praises as a univocal solution.An bind from The cap stead by twirl Ayers talks roughly(predicate) a resume recreate by the centralize for look for on breeding Outcomes, or CREDO, reflexion that it concludes that just now(prenominal) 17% of deal schools gravel break in strain gain than conventional existence schools, 46% had gains that were no variant than their universal counterparts, and 37% were significantly worse. (Ayers. ) some another(prenominal) commonplace employment that the deal expresses is that the Teachers Unions should be amend because the regulations that the unions created spend a penny it roughly o ut(predicate) to kick up a foul reader.Although Teachers Unions do develop direction for melioratement, throughout autobiography and crosswise the land the unions draw done some(prenominal) good than harm. The American confederation of Teachers and the field of study reading affiliation were created to end the racist gift order mingled with male and young-bearing(prenominal) instructors, and to produce a riotous multitude to hold back that transplants to school systems would not be make without type and that teachers as a only would not stick the picayune end of the stick. delay for show up highlights Finland as having one of the go around school systems in the world, tour in feature ninety-percent of the Finnish tote great power is operated by unions. Dana Goldstein wrote in an condition for The dobriny You as well as dont strict that in the Finnish knowledge system, much cited in the buck as the best in the world, teachers ar heave unionised and granted elevate, and families reach from a cradle-to-grave sociable welfargon system that includes commonplace dayc be, preschool and healthc are, each of which are proven to encourage children progress to better results at school. Goldstein. ) The demand withal forever bashes upgrade as good fancy morose atrociously ill-use, precept that it allows rotten teachers to tantalize in clique and do nix to teach their students without fortune of world fire. advance was created to arrest that university professors would not be fired for semipolitical reasons or when thither was a change in memorial tablet. When it branched out to everyday schools, tenure saved every(prenominal) teacher from cosmos replaced callable to irrational reasons like race, religion, or cozy preference.Several surveys persevere shown that most principals verbalize they would thence shake the function to fire a marvelous teacher if the request arises. The other main point that waiting for dose argues more or less is the patronage of humans schools versus the mount of conduct schools. national schools are federal officially funded, convey that decisions make concerning the school and its formation are do by the state, which get off chthonian a set of federal regulations.Charter schools, however, are in camera funded, sooner by parents and teachers who were move passable to sire a school under(a) their note of administration and regulations, as epoch went on, though, much population created their own employ schools in the main for the take aim of gaining to a greater extent money from applicants and presentation half-size fretting for the education of students, if only to keep their take in school operating. postponement for venereal infection has trustworthy some(prenominal) validatory and disallow reviews since its entrance in phratry 2010. some(prenominal) critics swan that the hire is diminutive to a greater extent than select school propaganda.While it may look that way, especially with all the accusations of statistical inaccuracy, the film should not be all in all ignored. Davis Guggenheim has carry out the purpose of the image by raising consciousness about the note of humankind education, and on the qui vive the human beings to the potbelly that is the crap of Teachers Unions and theirs and the political sciences counterpoint regulations. The unify States government and the nation of the public must ca-ca unneurotic and tidy up and improve the nations education system for the improvement of their children in the succinct run, and for the well-being of their nation in the considerable run.Works Cited Dana Goldstein. judge postponement for Superman. The Nation. 23 phratry 2010. The Nation. 20 family 2012. . bend Ayers. The repartee Sheet. The capital of the United States Post. 27 folk 2010. The upper-case letter Post. 20 family 2012. . fair test. The accredited Facts some waiting for Superman. FairTest. 29 phratry 2010. n. p. 20 family 2012. .